ʻO ke kaʻina hana hoʻoheheʻe ili e pili ana i ka pauka, Electro-plating, Anodizing, hot galvanizing, electro nickel plating, pena, a pēlā aku e like me nā koi o ka mea kūʻai aku.ʻO ka hana no ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻana i ka ʻili he hoʻāʻo e pale i ka corrosion a i ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi wale i ka helehelena.Eia kekahi, hāʻawi kekahi o kēia mau lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻonui ʻia i nā waiwai mechanical a i ʻole nā ​​​​mea uila e kōkua i ka hana holoʻokoʻa o ka mea.

ʻO ka uhi ʻana i ka pauka a i ʻole ka pulupulu ʻana- Me kēia ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau, pono e hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia nā ʻāpana metala i kahi mahana i makemake ʻia a laila e hoʻopaʻa i ka ʻāpana i loko o kahi moena wai a i ʻole e pīpī i ka pauka ma ka ʻāpana.Me ka post curing, pili ia i ka waiwai kiko'ī o ka pauda.
ʻO ka pauka i hoʻohana mau ʻia he resin epoxy material a i ʻole Rilsan.

Electroplating- Ke hana nei kēia kaʻina hana i kahi uhi metala lahilahi ma ka substrate.Ke holo nei ke kaʻina hana electroplating i ke au uila i hoʻopaʻa maikaʻi ʻia ma o ka hopena i loaʻa nā ion metala i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a me kahi au uila i hoʻopaʻa ʻole ʻia ma o ka ʻāpana metala e hoʻopaʻa ʻia.ʻO nā metala maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka electroplating he cadmium, chromium, keleawe, gula, nickel, kālā, tin, a me ka zinc.Aneane hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā metala kumu e hoʻokele i ka uila e hoʻomaikaʻi i kāna hana.

Lapaau Kemika- Aia kēia ʻano hana e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni lahilahi o ka sulfide a me ka oxide ma o ka hopena kemika.ʻO ka hoʻohana maʻamau no ka kala metala, ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion, a me ka hoʻomaka ʻana o nā ʻili e pena ʻia.ʻO kaʻeleʻeleʻeleʻele kahi lapaʻau maʻamau no nā'āpana kila a hoʻohanaʻia ka "passivation" e wehe i ka hao manuahi mai ka ili o nā'āpana kila.

Anodic Oxidation- Hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia kēia ʻano o ka mālama ʻana no nā metala māmā, e like me ka aluminika a me ka titanium.Hoʻokumu ʻia kēia mau kiʻi ʻoniʻoni oxide e ka electrolysis, a no ka mea he porous lākou, ua kuhikuhi pinepine ʻia nā mea pena a me nā kala no kahi hiʻohiʻona nani.ʻO ka anodization kahi lapaʻau maʻamau maʻamau e pale ai i ka corrosion ma nā ʻāpana alumini.Inā makemake ʻia ke kūpale ʻana, hiki i nā mea ʻenekini ke kuhikuhi i kahi mana o kēia ʻano hana e hana i kahi ʻano mānoanoa, paʻakikī loa, ka uhi seramika ma ka ʻili o ka ʻāpana.

Luu Wela- Pono kēia kaʻina hana e hoʻokomo ʻia ka ʻāpana i loko o ka pahu i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, ke kēpau, zinc, aluminika, a i ʻole solder e hana i kahi kiʻiʻoniʻoni metala.ʻO ka galvanizing wela ka hana ʻana i ke kila i loko o kahi ipu i loko o ka zinc hehee.Hoʻohana ʻia no ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion i nā kaiapuni koʻikoʻi, hoʻohana maʻamau ʻia nā ala kiaʻi ma nā alanui me kēia lapaʻau ʻili.

Pena kiʻi– Hōʻike pinepine ʻia ka pena lapaʻau ʻili e nā ʻenekinia e hoʻomaikaʻi i ke ʻano o kahi ʻāpana a me ka pale ʻana i ka corrosion.ʻO ka pena paʻi, ka pena electrostatic, ka luʻu ʻana, ka palaki ʻana, a me nā ʻano pena pena pauda kekahi o nā ʻenehana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia no ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka pena i ka ʻili o ka mea.Nui nā ʻano hana pena no ka pale ʻana i nā ʻāpana metala ma kahi ākea o nā kaiapuni kino.ʻO ka ʻoihana kaʻa i hoʻokaʻawale i ke kaʻina hana o ka pena ʻana i nā kaʻa a me nā kaʻa, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā tausani o nā lima robota a hana i nā hopena kūlike loa.